ADHD Assessments
There isn't a single test that can be used to determine whether someone has ADHD. Specialists use a variety of tools to gather data and observe the signs of an individual.
These include standardized clinical interviewing and rating scales, observational ratings and a number of psychometric/neuropsychological tests (including intelligence testing). They are a vital part of the comprehensive evaluation process that is required to screen, assess the condition, diagnose and monitor treatment.
Assessment Process
Most ADHD assessments involve a detailed interview between the evaluator and the person being evaluated. This is conducted by a clinician, such as a doctor psychologist, or clinical social worker. The clinician will inquire with the person about their history and present symptoms. A lot of evaluators employ standardized behavior ratings scales. These tests are based on research comparing behaviors of people with and without ADHD. They aren't diagnostic in their own right but they do provide objective data to the evaluation. They include the Vanderbilt Assessment Scale and the Teacher-Parent Report Form from the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC). For adults, a standard ADHD rating scale like the Wender Utah Rating Scale may be employed. The clinician will use the same checklist for behavioral checks for adults and children. This is to check for other conditions that can occur alongside ADHD. These include conduct disorder, oppositional disorder, anxiety, and depression.
The evaluator will also look at the person's previous and current medication. In addition, the therapist will review medical records and gather information about the person's family and surroundings. The examiner may inquire whether the parents, or other relatives have ADHD and what symptoms they had.
These tests can be very helpful to the evaluator, especially if the diagnosis is not clear. However these tests are not of much effectiveness as the main tool for making an ADHD diagnosis because of problems with their sensitivity and specificity. They also do not adequately reflect the variety of the situations that adults encounter every day.
A more recent test, SPECT brain imaging, provides useful information about how the brain functions during a brief period of time. However, the results are only useful in the diagnosis of certain types of injuries and illnesses that affect the brain. They don't accurately reflect the way the brain functions in everyday situations, such as at work, school and in relationships.
It is best to consult an expert in mental healthcare who has experience in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. The best way to find such a person is through the recommendation of a doctor, therapist or any other professional.
Signs and symptoms
People suffering from ADHD have difficulty staying focused and retaining self-control. This can cause problems at work, school or in relationships. It can also make it difficult to handle daily frustrations in a healthy manner. Because of this, untreated ADHD symptoms can result in job loss, broken friendships, and other serious consequences.
To be diagnosed with ADHD the person must exhibit symptoms that last throughout the adolescence and childhood. These symptoms must also interfere with their ability to function in normal life, and must have been present prior to age 12 years old.
Inattention and impulsivity are two of the most frequent symptoms of ADHD. Inattentive symptoms can include difficulty staying focused, forgetting important information, or having trouble remembering. One may also be lacking organizational skills, or experience difficulty following directions and keeping track several tasks at a time.
Hyperactive/impulsive symptoms include fidgeting, being unable to sit still, having excess energy, and being talkative. This kind of ADHD can also cause a person struggle with waiting for their turn or interrupting others.
Children typically exhibit these types of ADHD symptoms when they start school. They may have a difficult time in school due to academic demands and become frustrated by their inability to organize themselves or focus. They may also have issues in interpersonal relationships due to their tendency to emotional outbursts.
These symptoms can last into adulthood, leading to problems at work and in romantic relationships and even with family members. People who aren't treated for ADHD may feel shame or blame themselves, believing they're not smart enough to achieve success or that something is wrong with them. It is important to realize that ADHD doesn't mean you aren't smarter or able.
Your primary care provider or a mental health professional will conduct a thorough evaluation to determine the presence of ADHD. They will inquire about your symptoms and how they affect your life. They will also interview you along with your partner, as well as other family members and friends. To assess your symptoms, they'll employ scales for behavior and symptom lists. They will also review your medical history and educational background. They may also recommend you undergo a physical examination or take psychological tests to rule out any other ailments.
Diagnosis
You or your child has been struggling in school. It could be the most dreadful "snow day" or perhaps you're worried about the latest teacher evaluation. You've heard about ADHD but don't know what it is. Are your children lazy, or does she have a problem that is easier to be to treat than solve? A thorough diagnosis is essential. You need to determine if the issue is the result of excessive screen time, inadequate parenting or a medical issue. Your family doctor can help determine whether an ADHD assessment is right for you.
Generally, an ADHD assessment includes an interview, a examination of symptoms, and the use of checklists and rating scales. Highly recommended Internet page will inquire about the person's past health, development going back to childhood academic and work experiences, driving history and marital and family relationships. The examiner will look for other issues, such as mood and anxiety disorders.
The person who is being evaluated must be able to talk about the issues honestly and openly. It is crucial that the person being evaluated does not repress the issue due to shame or fear of criticism. This will help the examiner determine how ADHD symptoms impact daily life and to recommend treatment options.
To qualify for a diagnosis of ADHD, several symptoms must have been present before age 12 and must be "impairing" in at least two major settings such as home or school. Impairment is more than being a bit forgetful or having difficulty staying on task and homework; it's being dismissed from a job for tardiness, failing to complete a project on time or causing conflict and stress in a marriage.
Many doctors interview the patient as well as a loved one, such as a spouse or sibling. They may also request feedback from people that spend a lot of time with the patient, like a nanny or coach. This kind of personal experience can reveal information that cannot be obtained through questionnaires. Psychiatrists also usually conduct physical examinations and tests in the laboratory, like urine and blood tests, to rule out possible causes of the symptoms.
Treatment
A doctor can conduct an ADHD evaluation to determine if there is an underlying reason, such as an anxiety disorder or another physical condition that triggers similar symptoms. A thorough evaluation requires examining the person's mental and medical history, evaluating past and present behavior and school performance, as well as contacting teachers, family members, and other caregivers to obtain an overall picture of how the individual operates in various environments.
Dr. Frank says that people with ADHD benefit from a combination treatment. Certain people are prescribed medications to increase focus and concentration and reduce the tendency to be impulsive. These include stimulants like Ritalin or Adderall or non-stimulant medications that take longer to work, but can enhance attention skills, such as Intuniv and Clonidine.
Behavioral therapy is also a part of most treatment plans, especially for children. For example, the counselor might help them learn organizational strategies to help them to organize their things or even use mindfulness meditation to increase their impulse control and help them manage their time. Counseling for families or marriage is an excellent option for adults with ADHD. It teaches them problem-solving and communication skills that can help them deal with their difficulties at home and at work.
In addition, many who suffer from ADHD can reduce their symptoms by following a balanced diet, sleeping enough and exercising, and cutting down on alcohol and junk food. It is also beneficial to ask for support from family and friends, join a support group or take part in an ADHD Coach training program which can provide them with tools and tips for managing their symptoms. People with ADHD should see their GP regularly for periodic medication checks to understand how their treatment works and to identify any potential adverse effects. Doctors can refer patients with ADHD for further evaluation or diagnosis to psychiatrists or a clinical psychologist.